天然气欧派克的成立对于天然气的影响有多大？低价时代是否就要结束？
Note:
A country of eastern Arabia on a peninsula in the southwest Persian Gulf. It was under British protection from 1916 until 1971, when it became independent. Oil was first produced commercially in 1949. Doha is the capital. Population, 220,000.
卡塔尔：阿拉伯东部一国家，位于波斯湾西南一半岛上，从1916年到1971年，它一直处在英国的保护之下，在此期间开始走向独立。第一次商业性地生产石油是在1949年。首都是多哈，人口220,000
Gas exporting states agree Qatar-based 'gas OPEC'
By Anna Smolchenko Anna Smolchenko – Tue Dec 23, 4:35 pm ET
MOSCOW (AFP) – Gas exporting states on Tuesday finalised the creation of a new Qatar-based forum aimed at coordinating gas policy that consumer countries fear could become the gas equivalent of oil cartel OPEC.
Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin warned at the meeting of ministers from the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) in Moscow that the "era of cheap gas" was over and that consumers would face higher prices in the future.
"A new organisation has been born today.... The charter has been agreed. The headquarters will be in Qatar," Russian Energy Minister Sergei Shmatko said after the meeting.
The forum groups Russia, the world's biggest gas producer, with other gas-rich states such as Iran and Qatar and a dozen other gas-exporting countries.
The GECF had been dreamt up at a meeting in Tehran in 2001 and ministers have met annually since then. But this was the first time the organisation's basic rules have been agreed and a headquarters established.
The Qatari capital Doha beat off competition from Putin's home city of Saint Petersburg and Tehran to host the headquarters.
Forum officials were at pains to emphasise that the purpose of the meeting was to approve the charter rather than create an OPEC-style cartel (卡特尔：为协调生产、价格和商品市场而组成的独立的商业组织联合体) to fix prices.
"We would like to again stress there is no need to directly associate the newly created organisation with OPEC," said Shmatko.
"Therefore we will certainly not be discussing today the need to agree on levels of gas production. Our view is much broader."
Putin's warning over more expensive gas came amid a weeks-long standoff (如比赛中的平局或平手) between Ukraine and Russia over Kiev's debts to Russian energy giant Gazprom and the price it should pay after the New Year.
Gazprom supplies a quarter of the European Union's gas, mostly via Ukraine (乌克兰).
"The expenses necessary for developing fields are rising sharply, and this means that despite the current problems in finances the era of cheap energy resources, of cheap gas, is of course coming to an end," Putin said.
Russian energy giant Gazprom maintains that Ukraine's state gas company Naftogaz owes it up to 2.4 billion dollars (1.8 billion euros) in debts and has warned of delivery cuts if the outstanding debt is not cleared.
Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko said Ukraine could return gas now stored in underground reservoirs (积蓄：石油或天然气在地底下的积聚) to Gazprom as part of a debt repayment.
"Either we pay for the gas we have stocked or we change the owner of the gas," he told a press conference.
Analysts say that a cartel for natural gas makes far less sense, since gas exports generally require the construction of capital-intensive pipelines and contracts are signed over long-term periods.
Oil exports, on the other hand, are generally based on a spot market (现货市场) price to the barrel for delivery within relatively short timeframes.
The forum groups Algeria, Bolivia, Brunei, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Libya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Qatar, Russia, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.
Equatorial Guinea became a full member of the forum at the meeting, while Kazakhstan was granted observer status. Norway also attended the meeting as an observer.
Russia, Iran, Qatar, Venezuela and Algeria between them control nearly two-thirds of the world's gas reserves and account for 42 percent of its production.